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The relationship between Joseon and China has been regarded as a “typical tributary relation.” Further discussion is needed on the definition of the tributary system and the difference in ideology. The actual mechanism of the system also needs to be identified and applied. In reality, it was not a singular, standardized tributary system that was applied throughout the entire Joseon Dynasty. During the 500 years of Joseon, the Ming and Qing dynasties alternately reigned in China, and within each dynasty different diplomatic practices were implemented at different times. Above all, there is an abundance of valuable historical materials relating to this era - an amount which is almost unprecedented anywhere else in the world - which should facilitate a thorough study of the relationship between Korea, China and other countries during the pre-modern period. By closely studying these documents, we hope to be able to accurately define the relations among the Northeast Asian countries during the pre-modern era.
| 1392 |
Founding of Joseon; friendly ties established with Ming China |
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| 1397 |
Resisting unreasonable requests from the Ming, Joseon sets out to conquer Liao-tung |
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| 1433 |
General Choe Yun-deok attacks the Jurchens near the Yalu River; establishes the Four Yalu Outposts and a further Six Garrison Forts after several more expeditions |
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| 1479-80 |
Expedition against the Jianzhou Jurchens |
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| 1592 |
Japanese Invasion of Joseon; support forces arrive from Ming China, 1593; second backup forces arrive from Ming, 1597 |
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| 1616 |
Founding of Later Jin Dynasty |
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| 1618 |
Joseon dispatches backup forces to support Ming’s Liao-tung expedition; Gang Hong-nip surrenders to Later Jin Dynasty |
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| 1627 |
First Manchu invasion of Joseon |
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| 1636 |
Later Jin Dynasty changes name to Qing in Apr.; second Manchu invasion of Joseon in Oct. |
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| 1637 |
Joseon surrenders to Qing China at Samjeondo |
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| 1654 |
Joseon sends backup forces for Qing’s expedition against Russia |
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| 1712 |
Joseon reaches agreement on borderline issues with Qing; Mt. Baekdu Demarcation Stele erected |
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